Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a continuous form of hemodialysis used in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. It gently removes waste, corrects electrolytes, and manages fluid balance in hemodynamically unstable patients by purification of blood through a semi‑permeable membrane.

Slow Continuous Ultrafiltration (SCUF) is an extracorporeal therapy designed specifically for fluid removal in patients with volume overload. Using low blood-flow rates and a hemofilter, it removes plasma water with minimal solute clearance. It may be used in patients with diuretic-resistant heart failure or refractory fluid overload, particularly when hemodynamic stability is a concern.

Hemoperfusion (HP) is an extracorporeal blood purification therapy in which anticoagulated whole blood passes through a cartridge containing adsorbent materials to remove toxins, cytokines, or other harmful solutes. It is used to treat selected cases of acute poisoning, severe inflammation, and other critical-care conditions.

Double Filtration Plasmapheresis (DFPP) and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) are plasma therapies that remove harmful plasma constituents. DFPP uses two filtration steps to selectively eliminate large pathogenic molecules while returning beneficial proteins. TPE removes plasma entirely and replaces it with donor plasma or albumin to rapidly clear autoantibodies, cytokines, or immune complexes.

Extracorporeal CO₂ Removal (ECCO₂R) is a low‑flow extracorporeal life‑support therapy that removes carbon dioxide from venous blood using a membrane device. It may support patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure or ARDS by facilitating lung-protective ventilation. Compared with ECMO, ECCO₂R is a lower-intensity therapy that provides minimal oxygenation support.